Towards the end of the Classical era, a variety of designs evolved from the natural trumpet. Keyed trumpets heralded the beginning of this development. Nevertheless, invention trumpets without ventholes were used until late in the Romantic period and were complemented by stopped trumpets and slide trumpets.
In addition, after the invention of the valves in 1813, a whole family of valve instruments were added. The two most important representatives, piston and rotary valves, became influential for the great works of Romanticism.
Although built so differently, all these instruments have a dark, very characteristic sound in common. They are largely used with historical materials and working techniques such as stamping and the then emerging use of soft soldering technology.